Nepal’s political landscape has been rocked by unprecedented and violent unrest, triggered by a government ban on social media platforms. The turmoil began with a Monday morning announcement that TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook would be restricted to combat what the government called “misinformation and unrest.” This move, however, was seen by the country’s youth—for whom these platforms are a primary space for political and social expression—as an act of silencing.
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Within hours, students and young people took to the streets of Kathmandu. Initial protests soon escalated into violent clashes with riot police, who used tear gas, rubber bullets, and even live rounds. The demonstrations quickly grew, fueled not just by the social media ban but by years of deep-seated public anger over corruption, high unemployment, and unfulfilled promises by the government. As the week progressed, the protests spiraled into an “inferno,” with government buildings and hotels linked to political figures, including the Hilton Kathmandu, set ablaze. The violence spread to other cities like Pokhara, a major tourist hub. The Health Ministry reported a rapidly rising death toll, with at least 30 people confirmed dead and over 1,000 injured by Thursday.
The chaos led to the immediate downfall of Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli, who resigned under immense pressure. His resignation did little to quell the rage of the protesters, who then turned their fury on the broader ruling elite. Lawmakers were targeted, with reports of some being dragged from their vehicles, beaten, and humiliated by mobs. The once-grand parliament building was desecrated, its windows shattered and its chambers looted. The ruling family also reportedly fled their residence.
In a bid to restore order, the Nepali Army stepped in, not to enforce martial law, but to mediate. The army’s spokesperson, Raja Ram Basnet, confirmed that talks were underway with protest leaders to appoint an interim leader. The most prominent candidate to emerge is Sushila Karki, the country’s first female Chief Justice, who is widely respected for her independence and anti-corruption stance. While Karki has reportedly consented, legal and political challenges remain in securing her appointment.
Nepal’s geographical position between India and China adds a layer of complexity to the crisis. Both regional powers are closely monitoring the situation. India fears a potential refugee crisis and the prospect of Nepal falling further into Beijing’s influence. China, with its significant investment in Nepal through the Belt and Road Initiative, is concerned about a pro-India or pro-Western government emerging from the protests. The United States, which has also been expanding its presence in the region, sees both risk and opportunity in the upheaval.
For the people of Kathmandu, daily life has ground to a halt under strict lockdown orders. Schools, shops, and markets are closed, and the city is under heavy military patrol. Yet, amidst the fear, many see this moment as a crucial turning point—a rejection of decades of corruption and a demand for a new, more accountable leadership. The streets, for now, belong to the youth, and their message is clear: the old order is over.
